What Is a Fire Risk Assessment?

A fire risk assessment is a structured review of a building, business or shared residential area to identify fire hazards, people at risk and the safety measures needed to reduce risk.

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  • HMOs and landlords
  • Offices and shops
  • Restaurants and warehouses
  • Commercial premises
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What Does a Fire Risk Assessment Mean?

A fire risk assessment looks at how a fire could start, who could be harmed, how people would escape and whether the current fire safety measures are suitable. It is not just a quick visual check. A proper assessment should consider the building layout, occupancy, fire hazards, escape routes, fire detection, emergency lighting, fire doors, signage, management procedures and any people who may be especially vulnerable.

The purpose is to reduce the likelihood of fire and improve the chances of people escaping safely if a fire does occur. The outcome is usually a written report with findings, risk ratings and recommended actions.

Identify Fire Hazards

Sources of ignition, fuel and oxygen are considered, including electrical equipment, cooking risks, storage and heating systems.

Identify People at Risk

The assessment considers employees, residents, visitors, contractors, customers and anyone who may need help escaping.

Recommend Improvements

The report should highlight practical actions to reduce risk and improve fire safety arrangements.

Who Needs a Fire Risk Assessment?

Fire risk assessments are commonly required for non-domestic premises and shared parts of certain residential buildings. They are especially important where people work, live, visit or sleep in a building controlled by a landlord, employer, managing agent or business owner.

  • Business owners and employers
  • Landlords and HMO owners
  • Managing agents and facilities managers
  • Offices, shops and retail units
  • Restaurants, pubs, cafes and takeaways
  • Warehouses, factories and industrial premises
  • Care homes, hotels, nurseries and specialist premises
  • Blocks of flats and communal areas

Common Property Types

  • HMO fire risk assessments
  • Commercial fire risk assessments
  • Office fire risk assessments
  • Restaurant fire risk assessments
  • Warehouse fire risk assessments
  • Landlord fire risk assessments
  • Care home fire risk assessments
  • Retail fire risk assessments

What Is Checked During a Fire Risk Assessment?

The exact scope depends on the building and use of the premises, but a fire risk assessment will usually review the main fire safety risks and precautions in place.

Escape Routes

Routes out of the building, final exits, corridors, stairways, obstructions and whether people can evacuate safely.

Fire Alarms & Detection

Alarm systems, smoke detection, manual call points and whether the system is appropriate for the premises.

Emergency Lighting

Lighting for escape routes, exit signs and areas where people may need visibility during an emergency.

Fire Doors

Fire door condition, closers, gaps, seals, signage and whether doors are helping protect escape routes.

Firefighting Equipment

Extinguishers, fire blankets and other equipment, including whether it is suitable and accessible.

Management Procedures

Staff training, evacuation procedures, maintenance records, testing routines and fire safety responsibilities.

What Happens After the Assessment?

After the assessment, you should receive a report that sets out the findings. This may include hazards identified, people at risk, current safety measures and recommended improvements. Some actions may be simple, such as improving signage or removing obstructions. Others may require further work, such as reviewing fire doors, alarm systems or emergency lighting.

The assessment should not be treated as a one-off document that is forgotten. It should be reviewed when there are changes to the building, layout, occupancy, business activity or fire safety arrangements.

How Much Does a Fire Risk Assessment Cost?

The cost of a fire risk assessment depends on the size and complexity of the premises. A small shop or office will usually be simpler to assess than a large warehouse, hotel, care home, HMO or multi-storey commercial building.

Factors that affect price can include property size, number of floors, use of the building, occupancy level, risk profile, location and how detailed the report needs to be.

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Fire Risk Assessment FAQs

What is a fire risk assessment?

A fire risk assessment is a review of a premises to identify fire hazards, people at risk and the precautions needed to reduce fire risk.

Who is responsible for a fire risk assessment?

The responsible person, such as an employer, landlord, managing agent or building operator, is usually responsible for ensuring fire safety arrangements are suitable.

Can I do my own fire risk assessment?

Some simple premises may be assessed by a competent person, but more complex buildings often require a professional fire risk assessor.

How often should a fire risk assessment be reviewed?

It should be reviewed regularly and whenever there are significant changes to the premises, occupancy, use or fire safety arrangements.

Do landlords need a fire risk assessment?

Many landlords, HMO owners and managing agents may need a fire risk assessment for shared areas or higher-risk residential premises.

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